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Introduction In Python,  classes  are the cornerstone of object-oriented programming (OOP). They allow developers to encapsulate data and functionality together, building reusable, modular, and maintainable codebases. In this guide, we will deeply explore Python classes — from basic syntax to advanced features — with fully working code examples, perfect for intermediate and advanced Python developers. What is a Python Class ? A  class  in Python is a blueprint for creating objects. It bundles data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into one single unit. Basic Structure of a Class class ClassName: def __init__(self, parameters): self.attribute = value def method(self, parameters): # method body pass __init__()  is a special method called the  constructor , automatically invoked when creating an instance. 'self'  refers to the instance itself and must always be the first parameter in instance m...